Indian Journal of Advances in Chemical Science Volume: 5, Issue: 1, January 2016
 
              		   
   

ISSN No.: 2320-0898 (Print); 2320-0928 (Electronic)

DOI: 10.22607/IJACS.2017.501010

 

   

Research Article

 
      Proton Affinities of a Series of α, β Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds of Type-2-alkene (Acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, Methyl Vinyl Ketone, Acrylamide, Methyl Acrylate, and Ethylmethacrylate), in the Gas and Aqueous Phase in their Low-lying Excited Triplet State: A Density Functional Theory/Polarizable Continuum Model and Self-Consistent Reaction Field Approach    
Biswarup Mandal, Umasankar Senapati, Bhudeb Ranjan De*
ABSTRACT
 
Density functional theory Becke 3-term functional; Lee, Yang, Parr/6-311G(d,p) calculations were performed to quantify triplet state proton affinities (PA) and transition energies of a series of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and their O-protonated counterparts in gas phase as well as in aqueous phase. To evaluate structural behavior and different quantum mechanical properties in water, we studied our optimization process using polarizable continuum model and Self-consistent reaction field method at the same level of theory of the relevant low-lying excited state. The gas phase O-protonation turns out to be exothermic in each case and the local stereochemical disposition of the proton is found to be almost the same in each case. PA values of the different compounds are affected by substituent present at the carbonyl carbon. Different electrochemical properties (+R, +I, and effect) originate from carbonyl chain are seen to cause change of the PAs. Acrylamide (ACR) shows the highest PA in both phases. In each case, protonation at carbonyl oxygen is observed to be more energetically favorable compared to protonation at other probable binding sites present. Computed PAs of the compounds in gas phase are in the following order ACR ≥ ethylmethacrylate > 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal > methyl vinyl ketone > methyl acrylate > acrolein, while in aqueous phase the PA order is ranked differently. Charge density on binding oxygen and on added proton is recorded from both Mulliken population analysis and Natural population analysis. PA values are sought to be correlated with the computed hardness of the unprotonated species in the relevant excited state. The proton induced shifts are in general red shifts for the low-lying excited triplet state. The overall reactivity is explained by distant atom contribution in addition to the contribution from the carbonyl group.
     
     

Key words:  Density functional theory, Polarisable continuum model, Proton affinity, Low-lying, Unsaturated..

  

 

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